Li Chunyang

'South of Colorful Clouds' is a poetic term that perfectly presents the fantasy and richness of Yunnan's land, making people yearn for it. But while possessing magical and beautiful qualities, due to its location in the collision zone between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, the strata are fragmented and the structure is complex; In addition, due to the influence of two warm and humid air currents in the Bay of Bengal and the Beibu Gulf of the Pacific, frequent heavy rainfall weather has led to Yunnan's land being threatened by geological disasters such as landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows throughout the year.

Nowadays, geological disasters still exist, but in the "battlefield" of geological disaster prevention and control, in order to ensure the safety of the public, staff are using information technology to strive to get rid of the passive situation of being beaten. Let's listen to Zhang Hongbing, Chief Engineer of Yunnan Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, explain the specific situation.

Ten measures to ensure public safety

In a decision on strengthening the prevention and control of geological disasters, the State Council proposed the goal of comprehensively establishing a geological disaster investigation and evaluation system, monitoring and early warning system, prevention and control system, and emergency system by 2020. Yunnan, which belongs to the severely affected areas of geological disasters, has been focusing on building these four systems and, under the leadership of the provincial government, has strengthened ten measures based on the characteristics of geological disasters in Yunnan Province.

Firstly, it is necessary to increase investment in geological disaster prevention and control. After 2010, the provincial government specifically discussed the development of geological disasters in Yunnan Province, and the State Council also decided to allocate 1 billion yuan annually from 2013 to 2020 to subsidize the construction of a comprehensive geological disaster prevention and control system in Yunnan Province, which provides financial guarantees. Secondly, a sound geological disaster prevention and control planning system has been established. Each county is required to re propose plans for the prevention and control of geological disasters, and use new plans to determine the overall arrangement of prevention and control work. Thirdly, in-depth geological disaster investigation and evaluation work should be carried out, including key sections and counties, as well as some relative economic belts, such as key projects in bridgeheads, to improve the level of forecasting through strengthening investigation and evaluation. Fourthly, it is required to monitor and warn of geological disasters. Ability and level should be comprehensively improved; Fifth, we have strengthened the dynamic inspection and investigation of geological hazards. As is well known, the occurrence of geological disasters is closely related to earthquakes, so after each earthquake, the staff should strengthen the dynamic inspection of geological hazard hidden points

Sixth, improve the classification and management level of geological disasters. As geological disasters vary in scale and cause, it requires coordination among multiple departments to classify and manage them. Seventh, strengthen the emergency response capability of geological disasters. The province has made many practical arrangements for emergency management, emergency system construction, and emergency support of geological disasters. Eighth, improve the level of science and technology, strengthen personnel training, mainly by increasing investment in the training of grassroots personnel. Ninth, widely carry out geological disaster prevention and control propaganda. Increase investment in propaganda at the village level, and carry out some first level exercises at the village level to promote geological disaster prevention and control in various aspects. Tenth, improve the working mechanism of geological disaster prevention and control and strengthen it. Collaboration among departments

When it comes to the implementation effects of the ten measures, General Manager Zhang believes that the results are still very obvious. We all know that the economy has developed rapidly in the past two years, and the disturbance to the surface has also been significant. However, if calculated on a five-year basis, the current level of prevention and control has improved significantly compared to the previous five years. With the continuous increase in disturbance activities and the expansion of human activities, geological disasters have been somewhat controlled

Group testing, group prevention, and gathering of civilian strength

Due to the different actual situations in each province, it is not possible to generalize the specific work of geological disaster prevention and control. This has given rise to the model of pilot first and then promotion. Taking the pilot work in Xinping, Yunnan as an example, General Engineer Zhang discussed his views on the pilot work. The key demonstration project of Ailao Mountain mainly focuses on the prevention and control of landslides and debris flows in the Ailao Mountain area, and has deployed corresponding equipment there, which has played a driving role in the professional monitoring of geological disasters in Yunnan Province. Overall, it is manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, it strengthens the training of personnel in the foundation layer, laying a solid foundation for the prevention and control of geological disasters and corresponding emergency investigations in Xinping County; on the other hand, it further explores the "combination of group and specialty" of geological disasters, gradually improving the level of geological disaster prevention and control in the entire region

Just now when we talked about the 'combination of group and expert', we have to mention the 'group measurement and prevention'. These two are often 'two pronged'. This year, the Yunnan Provincial Government has issued a decision on further investigation of geological disasters and put forward corresponding management ideas, strengthening the government's responsibilities. After all, the four systems of geological disaster prevention and control cannot be done alone. We have mainly strengthened multiple systems: first, the hierarchical responsibility system, which means that counties, townships, and villages should be responsible for the classification of geological disasters in the region, and relevant personnel should report geological disasters; second, the emergency plan system, which formulates relevant emergency systems for some hidden dangers that appear; The third is the monitoring officer system, where the monitoring officer is responsible for conducting geological hazard inspections in their village and reporting them promptly upon discovery. In this regard, the provincial government also provides an annual subsidy of one thousand yuan to each monitoring officer. In addition, we have strengthened the implementation of the inspection and investigation system, flood season duty and rapid reporting system, and emergency drill system. The entire system ensures that data can be quickly grasped by the land department after a dangerous situation occurs

Information construction gathers the wisdom of the people

Yunnan Province is a pilot province for information system construction, so information construction is carried out within the overall framework of the country. Specifically, the informatization construction of geological hazard prevention and control in Yunnan Province began with the investigation and zoning of geological hazards in counties and cities in 2001. All 129 counties and districts under its jurisdiction have completed the zoning of geological hazards and established county-level geological hazard databases, further strengthening the information management of counties. In terms of the application of informatization achievements, the main focus is on geological hazard investigation, analysis, and prevention and control planning. In addition, professional monitoring of geological hazards has been carried out, such as the Nujiang Canyon professional monitoring demonstration area, which has basically completed the professional monitoring and construction of 10 debris flow gullies this year. Deep professional early warning has completed some geological models based on the geographical characteristics of Yunnan Province. The construction of informatization mainly meets the requirements of government management and provides scientific basis for decision-making

As the specific achievement of the informatization of geological disaster prevention in Yunnan Province, the "Meteorological Early Warning and Forecast of Geological Disaster" project completed by the Geological Disaster Early Warning Center also passed the acceptance in July this year. "This is a set of provincial and prefecture level geological disaster early warning and forecast system that can be shared on the basis of MapGIS K9 Internet GIS platform. It is mainly based on the analysis and research of geological environment background, meteorological data, and historical geological disasters. It has divided the geological disaster meteorological warning areas in Yunnan, established a geological disaster warning database and a suitable warning and forecasting model for the whole province of Yunnan, and developed the Yunnan Geological Disaster Meteorological Risk Warning System. It uses computer technology, GIS technology, and network technology to achieve functions such as rainfall management, warning analysis, disaster management, map management, and system settings

After 4 months of trial operation, the project has achieved good results. Its refinement level has reached 1381 sites, and it can achieve two sets of models to predict the maintenance of results. The results can be compared and the better model can be adopted through final verification. This system is open, and as the number of sites increases, the accuracy of the system's prediction can also be continuously improved. In addition, its errors are adjustable, and the warning knowledge and methods can be upgraded with the deepening of research. Overall, this project system has complete and practical functions, strong operability, stable and reliable operation, and meets the needs of provincial geological disaster prevention business management. It provides scientific, timely and effective measures for decision-making of relevant government departments and disaster reduction measures for the people in disaster stricken areas. Information guidance

Emphasize technology and focus on grassroots level

In the construction of information technology, the application of advanced technologies represented by 3S technology is becoming increasingly important and has broad prospects. When talking about the specific application of these technologies in the informationization construction of geological disaster prevention and control in Yunnan Province, General Engineer Zhang stated that they have been widely used in the informationization construction of geological disasters in Yunnan Province.

In the four major systems of geological disaster prevention and control, basically each system involves the application of remote sensing, GIS, GNSS and other technologies. We have built a 3D GIS platform and completed a map of Yunnan Province's prevention and control information platform on this platform. In practical applications, in cooperation with the Surveying and Mapping Bureau, unmanned aerial vehicles are used to obtain important information on geological disasters such as landslides in real time. A fixed system has now been formed. If there is a major disaster, unmanned aerial vehicles will rush to the scene in a timely manner, provide real-time information, guide our work and investigation focus, so that we can follow up in a timely manner. For example, after the Yiliang earthquake in Yunnan last year, unmanned aerial vehicles flew to the scene in a timely manner to collect geological disaster related information

People often use the phrase 'the authorities are confused' to describe those who are caught up in the situation and unable to break out of their circle to see things clearly. However, as General Engineer Zhang, who has been fighting on the front line of geological disaster investigation work for many years, he has achieved 'the authorities are clear'. At the end of the interview, General Manager Zhang spoke earnestly about his thoughts on the prevention and control of geological disasters in Yunnan Province.

Based on so many years of work experience, I believe that the prevention and control of geological disasters should mainly be done at the grassroots level, because emergency response cannot always be comprehensive. It needs to be specific to the construction at the grassroots level, and local management is the best management mode. Currently, there is still a blank in the construction at the county level, so we need to increase investment, attach importance to the training and cultivation of technical personnel at the county level, strengthen the construction of grassroots technical teams, and overall improve the performance of units. In addition, although the country is also vigorously promoting science and technology, the overall progress is slower than planned. Therefore, we hope that the scientific and technological progress related to geological disasters needs to be further strengthened; Another aspect is to improve relevant institutional safeguards. For example, if there are geological hazards in a certain section, but in order to promote local economic development and facilitate people's lives, a road will be laid in this section. However, due to low funding, the level of road protection is low and the protective measures are not standardized, which may ultimately lead to geological disasters. Therefore, I believe that there should be corresponding systems to ensure that the entire infrastructure construction is standardized, and at the same time, various departments should strengthen coordination and cooperation

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